The History of Manufacturing in Niagara, pre-1969

Niagara region’s physical features made it a unique and attractive place for capitalists looking to settle industrial businesses in Canada’s growing economy. Niagara’s ample water access, proximity to the United States, Welland Canal systems, and railway lines made it an ideal location for manufacturing goods. Through the 20th century, this trend continued with the introduction of cheap hydroelectric power and its location as a major shipping route.

National and global events, such as the world wars and the Great Depression, helped shape both local conflicts and prosperity in the manufacturing sector. In the first half of the 20th century, manufacturing in Niagara was characterized by the mechanization and consolidation of major industries and major changes in the labour movement and worker’s rights. By the second half of the 20th century, issues of pollution and the start of the “green revolution” created major changes in Niagara’s manufacturing sector.

This paper provides a brief overview of Niagara’s largest manufacturing sectors and their histories, beginning from Niagara’s earliest manufacturers – millers -- to modern automotive and heavy industry. General themes are studied in greater detail, including labour movements, technological advances, and environmental impact.

Paige Groot, MA
Jessica Linzel, MA
Kimberly Monk, PhD
Elizabeth Vlossak, PhD

Brock University

January 2024